679 research outputs found
Mach-Zehnder Interferometry in a Strongly Driven Superconducting Qubit
We demonstrate Mach-Zehnder-type interferometry in a superconducting flux
qubit. The qubit is a tunable artificial atom, whose ground and excited states
exhibit an avoided crossing. Strongly driving the qubit with harmonic
excitation sweeps it through the avoided crossing two times per period. As the
induced Landau-Zener transitions act as coherent beamsplitters, the accumulated
phase between transitions, which varies with microwave amplitude, results in
quantum interference fringes for n=1...20 photon transitions. The
generalization of optical Mach-Zehnder interferometry, performed in qubit phase
space, provides an alternative means to manipulate and characterize the qubit
in the strongly-driven regime.Comment: 14 pages, 6 figure
Relational Reasoning Network (RRN) for Anatomical Landmarking
Accurately identifying anatomical landmarks is a crucial step in deformation
analysis and surgical planning for craniomaxillofacial (CMF) bones. Available
methods require segmentation of the object of interest for precise landmarking.
Unlike those, our purpose in this study is to perform anatomical landmarking
using the inherent relation of CMF bones without explicitly segmenting them. We
propose a new deep network architecture, called relational reasoning network
(RRN), to accurately learn the local and the global relations of the landmarks.
Specifically, we are interested in learning landmarks in CMF region: mandible,
maxilla, and nasal bones. The proposed RRN works in an end-to-end manner,
utilizing learned relations of the landmarks based on dense-block units and
without the need for segmentation. For a given a few landmarks as input, the
proposed system accurately and efficiently localizes the remaining landmarks on
the aforementioned bones. For a comprehensive evaluation of RRN, we used
cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans of 250 patients. The proposed system
identifies the landmark locations very accurately even when there are severe
pathologies or deformations in the bones. The proposed RRN has also revealed
unique relationships among the landmarks that help us infer several reasoning
about informativeness of the landmark points. RRN is invariant to order of
landmarks and it allowed us to discover the optimal configurations (number and
location) for landmarks to be localized within the object of interest
(mandible) or nearby objects (maxilla and nasal). To the best of our knowledge,
this is the first of its kind algorithm finding anatomical relations of the
objects using deep learning.Comment: 10 pages, 6 Figures, 3 Table
RPCs Considered Harmful
Scholars agree that amphibious configurations are an interesting new topic in the field of cryp- toanalysis, and mathematicians concur. After years of structured research into gigabit switches, we argue the improvement of forward-error correction, which embodies the private principles of cryptography. In our research, we use authenticated modalities to demonstrate that digital-to-analog converters and evolutionary programming can collude to address this question. Such a hypothesis at first glance seems unexpected but is derived from known results
Craniofacial Analysis May Indicate Co-Occurrence of Skeletal Malocclusions and Associated Risks in Development of Cleft Lip and Palate
Non-syndromic orofacial clefts encompass a range of morphological changes affecting the oral cavity and the craniofacial skeleton, of which the genetic and epigenetic etiologic factors remain largely unknown. The objective of this study is to explore the contribution of underlying dentofacial deformities (also known as skeletal malocclusions) in the craniofacial morphology of non-syndromic cleft lip and palate patients (nsCLP). For that purpose, geometric morphometric analysis was performed using full skull cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) images of patients with nsCLP (n = 30), normocephalic controls (n = 60), as well as to sex- and ethnicity- matched patients with an equivalent dentofacial deformity (n = 30). Our outcome measures were shape differences among the groups quantified via principal component analysis and associated principal component loadings, as well as mean shape differences quantified via a Procrustes distance among groups. According to our results, despite the shape differences among all three groups, the nsCLP group shares many morphological similarities in the maxilla and mandible with the dentofacial deformity group. Therefore, the dentoskeletal phenotype in nsCLP could be the result of the cleft and the coexisting dentofacial deformity and not simply the impact of the cleft
A Large Retinal Capillary Hemangioma in the Anterior Retina Treated with Photodynamic Therapy
www.karger.com/cop This is an Open Access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 License (www.karger.com/OA-license), applicable to the online version of the article only. Distribution for non-commercial purposes only
-M* Diagram: A Valuable Galaxy Evolution Diagnostic to Complement (s)SFR-M* Diagrams
The specific star formation rate (sSFR) is commonly used to describe the
level of galaxy star formation (SF) and to select quenched galaxies. However,
being a relative measure of the young-to-old population, an ambiguity in its
interpretation may arise because a small sSFR can be either because of a
substantial previous mass build up, or because SF is low. We show, using large
samples spanning 0 < z < 2, that the normalization of SFR by the physical
extent over which SF is taking place (i.e., SFR surface density,
) overcomes this ambiguity. has
a strong physical basis, being tied to the molecular gas density and the
effectiveness of stellar feedback, so we propose -M* as
an important galaxy evolution diagram to complement (s)SFR-M* diagrams. Using
the -M* diagram we confirm the Schiminovich et al.
(2007) result that the level of SF along the main sequence today is only weakly
mass dependent - high-mass galaxies, despite their redder colors, are as active
as blue, low-mass ones. At higher redshift, the slope of the
" main sequence" steepens, signaling the epoch of bulge
build-up in massive galaxies. We also find that based
on the optical isophotal radius more cleanly selects both the starbursting and
the spheroid-dominated (early-type) galaxies than sSFR. One implication of our
analysis is that the assessment of the inside-out vs. outside-in quenching
scenarios should consider both sSFR and radial
profiles, because ample SF may be present in bulges with low sSFR (red color).Comment: 16 pages. Accepted to ApJ. Comments on content or relevant missing
references welcom
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